PDFをオリヤー語（Oriya）に翻訳

Both refer to the same language. Oriya was the official English name until a constitutional amendment in 2011 renamed the language Odia and the state Orissa to Odisha. Current usage is Odia. Older certificates, older library catalogues and older software locale lists still say Oriya, so when you are searching an archive or matching a name across documents from different decades, check under both spellings.

No. Odia has its own script with its own Unicode block and its own letter shapes, and although it shares a distant common ancestor with Devanagari and Bengali it is not a variant of either. A page set with the wrong font shows empty boxes rather than approximate shapes. Odia also has fewer widely installed fonts than Hindi or Bengali, so output should carry its own embedded font rather than rely on what the reader happens to have.

The file was typeset with a legacy eight bit Odia font that stores Odia shapes at Latin code points, so the bytes in the document really are Latin letters and only the font makes them look Odia. Odia newspapers and many government offices produced material this way for years. Either run the source through a converter written for that specific font, or supply the file as a scan so the printed shapes can be read directly rather than the stored bytes.

Because of what they were written on. Odia was incised on palm leaves with a stylus for centuries, and a straight horizontal line drawn along the grain splits the leaf, so scribes curved their strokes to avoid it. The curved umbrella on top of most letters is the equivalent of the straight headline bar in Devanagari. The shape is not decorative, it is the trace of a writing surface.

They do when the embedded font carries the full set. Odia forms an unusually high share of its consonant clusters as single fused shapes rather than stacked components, so the font needs many drawn glyphs rather than a few plus positioning rules. Vowel signs also have to be reordered, since the short i sign is stored after its consonant and drawn before it. Both steps have to run, and a page with letters sitting separately and marks floating loose is the sign that one did not.

Anything going to an authority. Civil records, board mark sheets and university transcripts used for credential evaluation, court orders, land record extracts filed in a dispute, and any document supporting a visa application all need a translation signed by a qualified translator confirming it is complete and accurate. Land record extracts deserve particular care because the tables of plot numbers and areas are where transcription errors do the most damage.

Not reliably, and it is worth being clear about why. Automated reading works on printed text with consistent letterforms. A palm leaf manuscript is handwritten, its letterforms vary by scribe and century, the medium is often damaged, and the language may be older Odia or Sanskrit rather than the modern standard. Digitised printed books from the last century are a different matter and are usually workable. Manuscripts need a scholar.

Yes, and it is the more common direction. Families need state issued certificates read abroad, credential evaluators need transcripts, lawyers need land records and court orders, and researchers need digitised books. The reverse direction matters for state government material, health and agricultural communication, and companies producing information for readers in Odisha.